American Experience; Reconstruction: The Second Civil War; Interview with Russell Duncan, Historian, University of Copenhagen, part 4 of 5

he says it's both so that feeling that the core meanings of reconstruction was in labor negotiations and people are developing their own abilities that mccain when possible there's a lot of land and getting the best possible way that they could get funding from the landowners from the land ownership in law band governor's office of silva's laden works well but there were there were a little cinnamon toast hampshire that they own the land and later wound itself the

sun's the ideas and soviet army calling explain again and under rights lawyer through labor system you have the right in that context on the bottom of you should make them all you may find yourself in difficult situations we can make our tax increases your next contract because what he's a plant in this fishing agricultural economy is the steady reliable labor force maybe so because that state labor force for but if they can get you cheaper than they would if they can take part of your crop you know if they can give you a lesser accommodations that's part of the package that would do that to an unfair bar

is one of the worst abuses of the system and in you can tell that by how she deals with you in the negotiations so we talk with her so i say ok as you know i've been told that my tumors have rights to america to land but it and mastering myself this chemical weapons will prudence will on missions where it strikes him this time to call me armenians call to say to what can we have rights laws individuals and we don't know how to remove our vitamins from the fumes and he doesn't

want to disrupt labor relations board every time to be detroit's labor relations it increases the power of the lake next contract and it increases his own power he becomes famous morning that since that he's saying well i'm hearing the same fork and i think that the two scandals or more than that i think he is and i use those full boil up with you it's a separate work or strength or black power he's going to do it however remains are available for him to achieve when school's in the more white shoes it's more his power increases among his followers were his constituency in mcintosh county because it proves

that he stands up to them they are helpless in many ways the late forces limited only georgia coast here's a here's a labor organizer who is determined to do what he can to support them and then and it makes the white planter class he's been this takes to move beyond religion just the foam

an exclamation point soldiers or in what african american southerners are as well and so if you take oil prominent figure in person the constitution in the same hand and a rifle in the other hand and talks about the jeffersonian principles and talks about being born again after all has changed as well when he was eighteen that he's a member of the evangelical movement met the methodist great awakening that came up in the eighteenth or loses well so its support for long blocks to see this black man outside a vision of being the savior won't inform as well banana that they need to be strong smart taking

the new face salute in the region and i think he's great this is the local paper every year in terms of what's called campbell well beyond comprehension behind explanation use a lot by people to visit will say that the people are let him do just as his suite will dictate it's intense audit but the camel is an organizer and is a

communicator and he calls on frequent meetings too or phoenix the labor negotiations or how we confront what's happened now what's happening to me what's happened to you know what's going on what we do and suddenly you have the klan appears alone wild horses as far as we know there's no clive owen mcintosh county most of the ku klux klan was active inactive in areas where home links mentioned it is

for black citizens in mcintosh county and in other areas with the blocking their charms who wrote in officials justice of the peace will determine commissioner so school board members well it shows the insurance for and there some room physicians there was a great feeling of well

that was a great feeling of pride in and so as the seventeen americans encountered local government for the first time in their lives to encounter and black audiences and black faces faces that were except in faces that knew who they were what they had been through the community that understood what they were fighting for and what they were fighting against the people who understood later van baal or fall with people who understood the weight to his campaign for people who took sides and helping us citizens with whatever family problems of social and economic political maneuverings minister so that these people came in talked with

black and indian positions the center wasn't very far away and end slavery was certainly on everybody's tongues and in most of the bombings the existing reconstruction and so the these people finally have recourse to the wall on recourse to two social services provided by government that i think about most of you know from no people across the desk and ability for you to even talk to people across this country which was the other revolutions of it he's meeting

so there's no question that you know i think many ways due to scandal has taken sides with the question of equality versus freedom he's interested in quality in the case of reconstruction that means what so a second site with his constituency in with this notion that people need to be treated what option nations force possible that doesn't mean the tenors campbell hates white people he certainly doesn't and he makes so many speeches talking about progress in harmony we're not here to hurt the white community we had to to help the entire community and live together we we are for la la la life people who knew bob layton wall

in and then follow the constitution and follow hire workers or will follow follow a philosophy of egalitarianism and emancipation we can he has what it had and i think he is unapologetic about the more i think he's unapologetic about i think he's in your face confirming reverence that stands against the constitution's that in

december tucker says while one huge huge blocher substantial in and confronts the white establishment in ways that seems to say it says it's us against you to scan was not about to use for our own community of people living together under the law and intriguing he's been updating us it is

two thousand workers in wisconsin and democracy or response their work or year and a place in society you can work or nobody's going to give you that if you do work hard you can obtain whatever it is that you're trying to get is a firm believer in the nascent example up well and so he counsels to war recruiters your work or that's what you you're not in over your worker but you're never writes is weaker and those rights include various things and so i think that that campbell is greater leading the idea of being a black man as educated as he is achieving position a position

during reconstruction after an american idiot mccain says he's come oh here's individual wrapped in american mythology in the american dream and that's called him approach to use an african americans coming out of slavery see this moment we're calling it's been nice it is committed to the

cause that he's professing industry and four wallace line is willing to at age fifty you so go south you see isn't going to bring in teachers use his money to buy land to to try to raise laborers to jeffersonian ideal of small platforms well he's committed in ways that shows his own person strength wyoming different mission well send money to philanthropic activities frederick douglas a great example of a great worker was sending money time on his son's going to the fifty fourth massachusetts he still doesn't know so that in there meaning many people who were committed to re constructionist i know that for thomas campbell he's willing

to put his bottom line is the law is willing to put his fortune why it is so he brings his wife and children too terrible situation anyways uses city people used to live in a nice house is in boston and manhattan so there on the coast of georgia given forced to live in a hot pan there's certainly no doubt that he's committed to the calls he is not making money doesn't seem to be making them very slowly it another way saying it has that resemble the gender separation time and also want the the power of class over laborers to use in the fall middle class new upper class of the new book american society in he goes through the class distinctions

he's been fb he's

in beijing this is part of the reason the campaign is able to devote himself to the cause was because he had a strong and he met his wife period in boston while he was working at the polls don't show that two children together in a part of the film she's literate and take what she seems to be trying to just you know before they moved to darien what's the family was reunited on say katherine tyler harriet is a teacher in the schools and the songs are also wants teachers don't i'm not sure about but the family is sustaining tennis scandal and the family is is he falls back one step at a time during

reconstruction pulls back from the national level to the state from state to the blockhouse and local community individually always do the supporting him in and there's great doctor chan the family members harriet establish your own business and darien as well she's really a horror we're introduced to know not much on were mostly dry goods she was a great entrepreneur who were taking from the lion she'd like to pick berries and fruits and sell them in fruit stands jason to the region just cool that she was selling missiles burned and increasing tensions occur between what's a blast erin

campbell is often worried about the family walking the house that the ku klux klan the fuel to the scandal called the ku klux klan nobody that the white people recycled water in some places and so here use for inches in her house but she has the children there with her own tennis juniors a grown man that way and so it's certainly our younger daughter the houses protected by militia will show every time kim would lead to continue black militia movement for around his house to protect his family because if the phone is the protective he can't go in the war and so i think that no no no the first inclination as we have about the strength of family commercially eighteen forty eight book where he talks about the

domestic economy has been are as important and domestic relationships in the family as it is in business and so it sets up a whole idea within the military relationship no here

tutu mcintosh county where democrats the redemption was going to happen and that the democratic party was going to overthrow of reconstruction it is in a campaign back to mackintosh trying to establish a power base democrats were relentless in their efforts to depose the kitchen involved in a myriad of losses are charging him with with abusing his office with in prison whites illegally with charging too much money there were other jake he's an account that was all white justice pieces well and so while blacks went to campbell for redress of grievances whites want to watch it and a white

purchases piece was a big slate before the war look at the rich with the platters and he was a great friend with them bottlers and so among the democrats when they saw the chance to move campbell insolvent the state government at eighteen seventy two did change to democratic plans to increase their efforts against these two things that you know we can't kill them they're afraid they're afraid of what might happen in the local community publishers so what happens when you kill the leader you ever i could be the instruction that wants to for years this is trying to win terps independent to lose a dangerous things i have to move first and i think putting in the penitentiary and there are several instances in

the democratic attempt to depose him in which he's called into court a call before the grand jury not much thing to joey but the grand jury decide to testify called also before the justice of the peace in front of the supreme court judge who's on the stock act in the district when campbell school to trial due to the hearing he says the word or is lieutenant so the word and african americans come out plantations they stop or they they go home and get their shotguns they could only mean caps sort of being normal morning on fox wives children what was sharon courthouses entirely and saying emphatically back to the white community don't

touch our main role of a jeweler in the same way yes it's true i mean i think that the camels all i want is jeffersonian in the sense of a higher wall in that individual should determine if the law was correct or not the law was incorrect in the region and so challenging the law intended for civil servants will agree with that but generally speaking he advises his constituency to abide by the law will conform to two to the law

in china too exit points under the law reviews of justice of the peace prize a state official date he believes a test of but he also believes the new century not only as a justice of the peace to hoe into the feared that a little bit has taken the of the state office in talks with greek workers lower portion and so even if you call people together he's calling them together in defiance of what he sees as unjust actions when it comes down to the crucial point well or are we going to sort of race war or we go into to actually happen

bob my constituency to reform the use of movement on them as well not so good that clip i think many times

when leaders will have the calls that that cushion strong they tend to be overbearing all reformers to give up something for something else bring the family into situations to devote a large part of their personal fortune and instilling a lucite sometimes what's possible and in those cases i think thomas campbell was all pushed are at war with his militia and with his constituents expected to listen to he believed that the free labor north and created a different individual than the slave labor self bullied a whole lot that the northern why a preview of freedom and individual thinking there was nothing happens so he often would say do it the way i say you can think what you won't do it the

way i said it officer campbell with that would say i just presented tuesday and they could take it or leave it but he met they get it and if they didn't take it then he wouldn't support the in other ways they were supporting him they were supporting the idea of freedom reform to be pushed and he became a big to school you're welcome i know and i think in

the county created such an environment of reform and change and a powerful black community that many of the readers began to more rich people with ambition to be sure in addition to the justice of the peace themselves people who disagree with him on disagree on the moon by necessarily have to be continued times change the block our mission the fuel that whole scandal erupted in reconstruction lasted until nineteen oh seven the last few to legislate for it in the home georgia house was a much larger issue macintosh that one in eighteen at to fort campbell actor you can move from state came back to a state law that in

the local paper said don't worry he doesn't have any influence anymore and at a week later said we hope he picks a piece of colored into the scandal picked for louise wilson easily won the election we still have people so that maintained and change the machine the compassion into the lesson to go with a the world there are there are differences and more than one and whether bloch why someone who appears on saying to instruct

others about changing the way of life long bus so also doing with the idea that these different portions and change and cultural patterns once a lone ranger economic social relationships people have different ideas of directions that she go digital loyalty or by african americans to the players the players treated in different region of the plantation believes that the that her father had treated slave so low that they would rush back to work all forms they didn't do that some people will remember the way things work in the more comfortable most part african american so one little bit of retribution

perhaps for for what happened in slavery and also push this sort of victim chance no idea of a new movement and he had nothing to do this situation than the us government should go in his will which owns used to persecute trying to four years in jail so atlanta will bear in his wife is very active in trying to change greece gave him a fair trial in hearing

what she also was taking a moderate and she explains things in ways that to scam explained it the civil war and the reconstruction on our reporter questions the recession and instantly and that's a key factor then confirm what man has a very different tune ask for mercy though whites and patriarchal society didn't see that as ss more acceptable than the black man himself asking particularly this letter mr campbell right to the black community in atlanta extended the

black community and supporting campbell that to go vote once he's in office when he's remove and she steps up a letter writing campaign to be a us tomorrow mr ju ju well and also the us states the letters are directed to us grants the president of the united states but of course that's not going to read the letters coming to the republican joe and chosen to grow and she's able to enlist the aid of the government or western ways one thing about her when councilman jones filled in savannah before about a nine month season nine foot by four half wit so he's allowed out once every two

weeks to walk around six feet square so why harriet the ghost the chances my husband's old news needs to exercise more than that use the danger she still getting locked up i need to feed him you feeding and rice and a little bit of no absences constitution he's not able to function on the other prisoners you doing corn water she said but let me pay for the food operate within i could with oil or medicines and all and he would be much easier for you to take care of you know what and so i hear his theory tom invented wine in her attempts to save her house clean and to do the best buy for the rich

the letters to tears or a little bit more factional be the mc the fact of having one signature at the bottom asking for the safety of her house asking for the safety of a man who's sort of the republican party platform and an operatic reconstruction next quite an impression own home and your poems and also new this changing region oh yes but even with carrie its efforts and the

efforts of the us attorneys on the state of georgia pursued its attempts to even look even with the efforts by harriet than in the us attorney the state of georgia was determined to remove all the power structure in mcintosh county of the congo soon her home on the morning of january twelve nineteen seventy six about paul marshals arrived at the june savannah hancock the thomas campbell dragon by talking chain up the steps into the street the chain to the back of the wagon and begin to drive him not only got to see got into the wagon and spent the rest of the day only widen when the train being shipped on record to

convict least him in the confusion went to ryan's that the camp is expected to keep pace with the other convict light verse that is expected to chop timber the same rate it spins the census admissions know in slavery you put the strongest most capable workers in the lead and everybody else has to keep up if they don't keep up or they've beaten starved wit killed in many cases can test of the deaths from prison this month it's startling to imagine that at age sixty flow of men of campbell's attending campbell's duty and an office and

it's instructive to try to imagine i'm sixty four years old dragged from the jail system or labor camp and in georgia a man who'd been on so much to reconstruction in june chairman focused his energies on one healthy well liz black constituents in trying to establish equality finds himself of victim oh reconstruction end of the europeans and that he had so profound who prefers so this is state senator a man who knew us grant ran his refusal to intervene he could've saved another word gesture important home from the thing that was there in the

course of this plantation in june and he refused to do it campbell is there and he really is able somehow quickly and and it's it's obvious through his ability to speak and his beauty and posture today and re shoot himself in many ways to the person's wholesome police well to the time when the time patients can get so different that's it

playing and most of her students are the true love betrayal by the government that he was a strong war in many ways it also it is himself a question what you don't usually get to mosul with a family on what the people i was trying to help this is all a lot worse because of what it no moving reaction action reinstitute slavery conflict in the east conversational is worse than sling for companies

is it isn't overly violent person police to work you to death mr implementation doesn't work the slaves dance since the national plantations to make money then the slaves worked hard and healthy reliable are you telling the slaves is not relax like hers thinking about what he had done and what might happen for an idea so that if the federal government will not step in to help me in this situation that i mean who were you fb